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Berlin Cathedral
Berlin Cathedral () is the short name for the Evangelical (i.e. Protestant) Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church (German: ''Oberpfarr- und Domkirche'') in Berlin, Germany. It is located on Museum Island in the Mitte borough. The current building was finished in 1905 and is a main work of Historicist architecture of the "Kaiserzeit".
The Dom is the parish church of the congregation ''Gemeinde der Oberpfarr- und Domkirche zu Berlin'', a member of the umbrella organisation Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia. The Berlin Cathedral has never been a cathedral in the actual sense of that term since it has never been the seat of a bishop. The bishop of the Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg (under this name 1945–2003) is based at St. Mary's Church and Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin. St. Hedwig's Cathedral serves as the seat of Berlin's Roman Catholic metropolitan bishop.
==Establishment of a Collegiate Church in Berlin (1451–1536)==
The history of today's ''Supreme Parish and Collegiate Church'' and its community dates back to 1451. In that year Prince-Elector Frederick II ''Irontooth'' of Brandenburg moved with his residence from Brandenburg upon Havel to Cölln (today's Fishers' Island, the southern part of Museums Island) into the newly erected City Palace, which also housed a Catholic chapel. In 1454 Frederick ''Irontooth'', after having returned – via Rome – from his pilgrimage to Jerusalem, elevated the chapel to become a parish church, richly endowing it with relics and altars.〔Ingo Materna and Wolfgang Ribbe, ''Geschichte in Daten – Brandenburg'', Munich and Berlin: Koehler & Amelang, 1995, p. 68. ISBN 3-7338-0188-1.〕 Pope Nicholas V ordered Stephan Bodecker, then Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg, to consecrate the chapel to Erasmus of Formiae.〔Wolfgang Gottschalk, ''Altberliner Kirchen in historischen Ansichten'', Würzburg: Weidlich, 1985, p. 171. ISBN 3-8035-1262-X〕
On 7 April 1465 – at Frederick ''Irontooth's'' request – Pope Paul II attributed to St Erasmus Chapel a canon-law College named ''Stift zu Ehren Unserer Lieben Frauen, des heiligen Kreuzes, St. Petri und Pauli, St. Erasmi und St. Nicolai'' dedicated to Mary(am) of Nazareth, the Holy Cross, Simon Peter, Paul of Tarsus, Erasmus of Formiae, and Nicholas of Myra. A collegiate church is a church endowed with revenues and earning estates, in order to provide a number of canons, called in canon law a College, with prebends.〔 In this respect a collegiate church is similar to a cathedral, which is why in colloquial German the term ''cathedral college'' (Domstift), became the synecdoche used – pars pro toto – for all canon-law colleges. So the college of St. Erasmus' chapel, called ''Domstift'' in German, bestowed the pertaining church its colloquial naming, ''Domkirche'' (cathedral church). Frederick ''Irontooth'' provided the College with estates, sufficient to supply eight canon prebendaries.〔Arno Hach, ''Alt-Berlin im Spiegel seiner Kirchen: Rückblicke in die versunkene Altstadt'', 2nd ed., Ammerbuch: Beggerow, 2002, p. 21. ISBN 3-936103-00-3.〕 On 20 January 1469 Dietrich IV, then Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg, invested eight clergymen, chosen by Frederick ''Irontooth'', as collegiate canons with the prebends.〔
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